Sudoku

Sudoku Patterns Every Beginner Should Learn

5 min read  ·  Burmly

Sudoku is pattern recognition. The same handful of logical patterns appear in every puzzle. Once you know them, "stuck" becomes "I haven't applied this pattern yet."

1. Naked Single

One candidate remains in a cell. Every other number exists in its row, column, or box. Place it immediately. These should be reflex — check for them constantly.

2. Hidden Single

A number has only one valid cell within a row, column, or box — but that cell may have other candidates too. The number is "hidden" among them.

Box has empty cells at r1c1, r1c3, r2c2. Number 4 is blocked from r1c1 by row 1, and from r1c3 by column 3. Only r2c2 remains → place 4 there.
Most missed technique: Hidden Singles resolve the majority of Easy and Medium puzzles. Look for them before anything else.

3. Naked Pair

Two cells in the same group contain exactly the same two candidates. Those numbers must go in those two cells — in some order. Eliminate both from every other cell in the group.

Cell A: [3,7] Cell B: [3,7] → Remove 3 and 7 from all other cells in their shared row/column/box.

4. Hidden Pair

Two numbers appear as candidates in exactly two cells within a group — and nowhere else in that group. Those two cells must hold those two numbers. Remove all other candidates from those cells.

5. Pointing Pair

Within a box, a number's candidates are all in the same row (or column). That number cannot appear elsewhere in that row (or column) outside the box.

Number 5 in box 1 can only go in row 2 (positions r2c1, r2c2, or r2c3). → Eliminate 5 from r2c4 through r2c9.

6. Box-Line Reduction

The reverse: within a row or column, a number's candidates are confined to one box. Eliminate that number from other cells in the same box outside the row/column.

7. X-Wing

A number appears as a candidate in exactly two cells in row A and exactly two cells in row B, with both pairs in the same two columns. That number can be eliminated from all other cells in those two columns.

Number 6 candidates: Row 2: columns 3 and 7 Row 8: columns 3 and 7 → Eliminate 6 from all other cells in columns 3 and 7.

Apply these in order of complexity. Most Easy puzzles only need patterns 1-2. Hard puzzles need all seven.

Keep reading
→ How to Solve Sudoku Faster → Why You Get Stuck in Hard Sudoku
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